PFKFB3 and glioblastoma: Similarly, TGF-β1-induced PFKFB3 expression in glioblastoma cells is prevented by inhibition of Smad3, PI3K, and p38 MAPK (Rodríguez-García et al., 2017), while TGF-β1-induced SLC2A1 expression and increased basal ECAR are diminished by pan-mTOR inhibition in human fibroblasts (Selvarajah et al., 2019).