PPARGC1A and age-related macular degeneration: Decreased PGC-1α activity may have pernicious effects as Pgc-1α+/− mice exhibit reduced retina/RPE mitochondrial complex I activity, as well as AMD-like phenotypes including a thickened Bruch’s membrane, drusen, oxidative stress, and both RPE and photoreceptor degeneration (Zhang et al., 2018; Zhou et al., 2024).