In human fibroblasts (Selvarajah et al., 2019), glioblastoma (Rodríguez-García et al., 2017), and pancreatic ductal carcinoma (Yalcin et al., 2017) cells, TGF-β1 treatment increases expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-Kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), the enzyme responsible for producing fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate, a potent allosteric activator of PFK, a rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis (Ros and Schulze, 2013). This evidence concerns the gene PFKFB3 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.