TGF-β1 treatment promotes both glucose consumption and lactate production in mouse fibroblasts (Kitagawa et al., 1991; Schwörer et al., 2020; Yin et al., 2019), human peritoneal mesothelial cells (Young et al., 2014), articular chondrocytes (C. Wang et al., 2018c), as well as pancreatic (M. Liu et al., 2016b; Yalcin et al., 2017), glioblastoma (Rodríguez-García et al., 2017), and breast cancer cells (Lee et al., 2016; Li et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast cancer.