The effects of TGF-β1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines is mixed, causing an increase in basal and maximal OCR in SNU449 (Soukupova et al., 2017) and Hep3B (Soukupova et al., 2021) cells, and a decrease in PLC/PRF/5 cells (Soukupova et al., 2017). Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.