TGF-β1 also induces expression of GLUT1 in rat mesangial cells (Inoki, 1999), mouse fibroblasts (Kitagawa et al., 1991), MCF-7 breast cancer cells (Li et al., 2013), and human articular chondrocytes (C. Wang et al., 2018a). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast carcinoma.