In a third replicate experiment performed using additional biological replicates (n = 8), INS transcription was once more increased at 30 hours in EndoC-βH3 cells cultured in normal glucose media when treated with normal pregnancy and GDM psEVs (fold change = 2.71 in normal pregnancy psEVs vs. fold change = 0.89 in sEV carrier, p < 0.0001 and fold change in RBCsEVs = 1.03, p < 0.0001; fold change = 2.19 in GDM psEVs vs. fold changes in sEV carrier, p < 0.0001 and RBCsEVs, p < 0.0001, respectively) (Supplementary Figure S5). Here, INS is linked to gestational diabetes.