Chen et al showed that human melanoma-derived exosomes carrying the immunosuppressive PD-L1 inhibit CD8 T-cell.[40] Yang et al found that co-culture of Golgi membrane protein 1 with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell-derived exosomes upregulated PD-L1 expression in macrophages, thereby exacerbating the suppression of HCC CD8 T cells and promoting tumor growth.[41] The dysregulation of immune cells is beneficial to the survival and progression of tumors. Here, CD274 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.