Gender (P = .045, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 1.013–3.277), diabetes mellitus (P = .018, 95%CI = 1.151–4.422), tumor size (P = .000, 95%CI = 0.677–0.841), glutamate transpeptidase (P = .003, 95%CI = 0.239–0.737), total bilirubin (P = .001, 95%CI = 0.235–0.705), and hepatitis B virus-associated infections (P = .007, 95%CI = 0.077–0.661) were significantly associated with AFP and PIVKA-II negativity in HCC. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and diabetes mellitus.