Nonetheless, recent research by Nisha Sinha and colleagues, through gene polymorphism analysis in diabetic patients without nephropathy (DM) and those with DN, has demonstrated that the SUMO4 c.163 G> A polymorphism is associated with an increased susceptibility to DN in North Indian patients with type 2 diabetes (Sinha et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene SUMO4 and liver dysplastic nodule.