Previous studies revealed that increased abundance of intestinal Faecalibaculum in HFD-induced obesity mice was associated with elevated serum levels of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and deoxycholic acid, reduced bile acid synthesis, and increased cholesterol accumulation via the hepatic farnesoid X receptor-small heterodimer partner axis (Xu et al., 2023). Here, NR1H4 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.