Therefore, this study explored the role of NETs in the pathogenesis of OLP by investigating the expression of NET-related proteins in OLP tissues and peripheral blood, along with assessing the impact of inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and TNF-α in OLP plasma on the formation of NETs in vitro, aiming to provide novel insights into the clinical treatment of OLP. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is oral lichen planus.