AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinicians have come to recognize certain features, such as microvascular invasion (MVI), serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels exceeding 400 μg/L, multifocality, tumor diameter greater than 5 cm, as well as the presence of hepatitis and cirrhosis, all indicating an increased risk of postoperative recurrence in HCC patients 6, 7.