A total of 4607 dementia cases developed during follow-up: 278 for the GLP-1 agonist initiators (incidence rate (IR) = 6.7 per 1000 person years), 1849 for DPP-4 inhibitor initiators (IR = 11.8), and 2480 for sulfonylurea initiators (IR = 13.7) (Supplementary Table S3). Here, DPP4 is linked to dementia.