HOXD10 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: HOXD11 has shown promise as a prognostic biomarker capable of predicting advanced diseases with a poor prognosis, and HOXD11 is also able to stimulate penile squamous cell carcinoma [31] and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [32], while HOXD10 is a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer, inhibiting tumor cell invasion and EMT [33].