Previous research has demonstrated that IL-22 promotes changes in the gut microbiota and availability of luminal nutrients that are normally subverted by S. Typhimurium to promote its pathogenesis.32 In this earlier study, S. Typhimurium burdens in the ceca of Il22−/− mice were decreased compared to WT mice at 72 and 96 h, but not earlier, at 48 h p.i.32 Correspondingly, we found that WT and Il22−/− mice carried similar cecal burdens of S. Typhimurium after 24 h of infection (∼ 5 × 106 colony forming units (CFU)/gram tissue). The gene discussed is IL22; the disease is infection.