TNF and Fibroadenoma: Among the six tested cytokines, the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were in the normal range in all of the patients, while upregulation of the inflammatory factor IL-6 was observed in 54% of the patients (Supplementary Table 3), which is consistent with the findings of a previous study.36 Next, we selected six pathological GLM breast tissues and 12 breast samples that were similar to normal breast tissues (six breast fibroadenoma tissues and six paracancerous tissues) (Supplementary Table 4) to perform immunofluorescence staining of cytokines.