Concerning pathophysiology of hemostasis, in-vitro bench research shows 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D induces tissue plasminogen activator secretion in rat heart cells [43], down-regulates plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 expression in rat osteoblast cells [44] and human breast cancer cells [45], and down-regulates expression of tissue factors in human leukemia cells [46]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is breast cancer.