MMP9 and infection: Our data showed that infection of 22RV1 with LV increased the expression of Ki-67 and BCL-2, relative to the uninfected cells control (Fig. 4A) in line with the observed increase in the proliferation of this cell line previously observed in Fig. 3A. Also, we noticed increased expression of VIM and VEGF upon infecting the 22RV1 cells with LV except for MMP9, which was downregulated upon infection (Fig. 4A).