DDIT3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Consistently, as shown in Fig. 5F, High BCAA intervention significantly downregulated the expression of EIF2AK2 (PKR) gene and the protein levels of ER stress markers including GRP78, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ERK, p-ERK, as well as the ratios of p-eIF2α/eIF2α and p-ERK/ERK, whereas it did not impact C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) level [89] (Fig. 1F and Fig. S6), uncovering that High BCAA intervention ameliorated NAFLD-related ER stress.