In addition, it has been shown that IGSF9 expression is increased in adipose tissue of HIV-uninfected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus,27 and IGSF9 gene expression was found to be upregulated in PBMCs of HIV/HCV coinfected individuals after interferon-based treatment compared to gene expression levels before treatment initiation.28 Here, IGSF9 is linked to diabetes mellitus.