Of note, two of these proteins, galectin-9 and CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or interferon gamma-induced protein 10/ IP-10), were validated as disease activity-related biomarkers in multiple separate international patient populations with examples of elevation prior to clinical flares in JDM indicating potential to identify flares prior to clinical-onset [54]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL10 and juvenile dermatomyositis.