PTPN11 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In addition, we demonstrated that there is an interaction between CD244 and SHP2, and the CSE-treated HBE cell model provides a valuable tool to study the pathomechanisms of COPD, and targeting the CD244-SHP2 axis and the MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway could provide novel therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammation in COPD and provide disease management and treatment with New strategies.