Polyphenols, which have proven antioxidant properties, can modulate various cellular pathways and signaling cascades, lower serum cholesterol, raise high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, inhibit LDL oxidation, activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase, prevent platelet aggregation, and block inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis (30). The gene discussed is NOS3; the disease is atherosclerosis.