Nine immunophenotypes were associated with increased MVP risk: CD4+ CD8dim% lymphocytes, CD4+ CD8dim% leukocytes, CCR2 on monocytes, CD25 on CD39+ resting Treg cells, CD28 on resting Treg cells, CD39+ CD4+ AC, CD4 on activated and secreting Treg cells, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) on CD4+ cells, and CD4 RA on TD CD4+ cells (Figure 2). The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.