These symptoms have been most thoroughly characterized in the setting of IFN treatment (112), but overlap with behavioral symptoms in multiple diseases including primary immune-mediated diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) (116, 117) and subsets of SLE (118), neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression (119) and schizophrenia (120), and neurodegenerative diseases like AD (80). Here, IFNA1 is linked to major depressive disorder.