MYD88 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In studies conducted in NOD mice in a very controlled environment to reduce undesired microbial stimuli, it was found that the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) adaptor protein, used by multiple toll-like receptors, could be critical for T1D development, potentially affecting T cells.185 MyD88 signaling could affect gut microbiota composition and function, which in turn modulate the immune responses influencing the development of T1D.