INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: However, caution should be taken when interpreting these results due to short follow-up periods (i.e., 1.1–1.4 years [18–20]), the possibility of confounding bias caused by the inclusion of advanced T2D cases (i.e., requiring intensive insulin therapy [18]), uncertain liver effects (e.g., incident NAFLD) of active comparators (i.e., DPP4is [19, 20] and insulin [18]), lack of dose-response analysis, and limited generalizability to other ethnic populations.