While previous work in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma model has demonstrated that miR-454 binds to the 3′-untranslated region of SDF-1 mRNAs and inhibits SDF-1 protein translation [77] it was suggested that reduced miR-454 contributes to enhanced SDF-1 exppression. Here, CXCL12 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.