CCL2 and neoplasm: CAFs actively participate in attracting monocytes to the tumor site, where they differentiate into M2 macrophage subpopulations linked with the tumor.486–488 Specifically, CAFs play a critical role in recruiting monocytes and promoting their transition to M2 macrophages by releasing IL-8, thereby impeding the activity of NK cells effectively.489 CAFs release a spectrum of factors, such as CCL2, CXCL12, IL-6, IL-10, glycoprotein CHI3L1, and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, known for their roles in cancer progression and influence on the tumor microenvironment.