CXCL9 and neoplasm: This process is regulated by chemokines such as CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10.627 Microbiota-induced IFN can regulate tumor-targeting anti-tumor monocytes, enhance anti-cancer immunity, and boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade, while the absence of microbiota can skew the tumor microenvironment toward pro-tumor macrophages.628