VDR and cancer: Research suggests that the restoration of tumor-promoting fibroblasts, known as CAFs, can be achieved by employing ligands that interact with the vitamin D receptor (VDR).559 Notably, calcipotriol has improved chemotherapy outcomes in various mouse tumor models by hindering interactions within the tumor stroma and tumor proliferation.560 The high expression of TGF-β in CAF activation and cancer progression is crucial.