Recent studies have highlighted the correlation between the efficacy of checkpoint inhibition therapy and the presence of specific T cell subpopulations expressing the TCF-1 transcription factor within tumor sites.95,424 Moreover, the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL9 play a pivotal role in enhancing the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 therapy in tumor studies.425 Inhibition of PD-1 leads to an upsurge in CXCL9 expression on conventional dendritic cells (cDC1), aiding in the targeted activation of CXCR3 expressing CD8+ T cells. Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.