Recent research suggests that the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts play a role in influencing the development of colitis associated with ICB.704 Therefore, incorporating bacterial therapy may help reduce the toxicity of ICB and enhance patient outcomes.705 A case report has demonstrated the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in treating refractory colitis induced by ICB.706 In this case, two individuals suffered severe colitis following the administration of therapies involving anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 agents. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is colitis.