This systematic review with meta-analyses demonstrates that exercise has the potential to improve numerous outcomes for people with pre-dialysis CKD including aerobic capacity and functional ability, quality of life, eGFRCr, serum cystatin-C, resting heart rate, triglyceride, glycosylated haemoglobin and interleukin-6 levels, and waist circumference. Here, CST3 is linked to chronic kidney disease.