After adjustment for potential cancer risk factors including age, sex, current smoking habit, alcohol use, physical activities, body mass index, plasma immunoreactive insulin, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, we found a significant association between R-SOD activity and an increased risk of cancer (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037). This evidence concerns the gene INS and cancer.