This study defined MOD as dysfunction in ≥2 of the following organ systems; cardiovascular by evaluation of hemodynamics and contractility, renal by presence of serum creatinine levels >1.5 mg/dl and oliguria of <0.5 ml/kg/h, hepatic by increase in AST or ALT >100 IU/L, respiratory by presence of respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, or pneumonia, and bone marrow by measuring a platelet count <100,000/mm3. Here, GPT is linked to newborn respiratory distress syndrome.