MAPT and Alzheimer disease: By initiating membrane lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial ROS may also promote the accumulation of pathological extracellular Aβ peptides and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau protein, leading to the formation of AD-defining Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which further exacerbate mitochondrial defects (139, 140).