For the studies reporting on sphincterotomy rates, the rate for each indication within the studies was not reported although 4 studies in the cholangitis, 6 in the choledocholithiasis, 4 in the malignancy, 4 in the sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), and 2 in the acute pancreatitis analyses only included patients with sphincterotomy.1–3,14,17,21,23,25,31 Detailed characteristics of included studies are reported in Table 1. Here, SOD1 is linked to cholangitis.