Research on ESCC biopsy samples indicates that TP53 and NOTCH1 are the most frequently mutated genes,27 with TP53 mutations leading to increased ΔNP63 expression, thereby activating the EFNB1–EPHB4 influenced SRC/ERK/AKT signaling pathway. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.