TNF and Insulin resistance: To determine whether the 12 h TNF-α/24 h hypoxia model of adipocyte inflammation/insulin resistance could be maintained long-term, post-treatment we added glucose and FBS to the treated cells to achieve a level of glucose (2.5 mm) and FBS (10%) that is used in the adipocyte maintenance media and then examined cell viability and assessed the expression of inflammation and insulin sensitivity markers for an additional 48 h (72 h of total time) (Figure 3a).