TNF and neoplasm: We found a robust increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) secretion when MDMs were added to tumor–T cell co-cultures in the context of both 22Rv1 (Co-22 vs. Tri-22, 64 vs. 515 pg/ml, p = 0.0133, respectively) and LNCaP tumor cells (Mono vs. Co-LN, 70 vs. 404 pg/ml p = 0.0342, Co-LN vs. Tri-LN, 71 vs. 404 pg/ml, p = 0.08, respectively), the source of which could potentially be both T cells and MDMs.