The group fed an adenine-supplemented diet (CKD control) had significantly higher concentrations of BUN (23, IQR 18–31 vs 4, IQR 3–6; P < 0.001), serum creatinine (84, IQR 75–87 vs 33, IQR 20–42; P ═ 0.01), serum uric acid (149, IQR 148–155 vs 89, IQR 78–105; P ═ 0.037), and urine albumin (12.8, IQR 9.4–14.2 vs 4.1, IQR 3.5–4.5; P ═ 0.005), and significantly lower eGFR (24, IQR 19–31 vs 213, IQR 126–297; P ═ 0.002) compared with the normal control group. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.