SMAD3 and neoplasm: Further, the tumor-suppressive function of miR-16-5p had already been already reported by other experiments that detected reduced expression of miR-16-5p and increased levels of its oncogenic targets, Smad3 and ITGA2, in the CRC, and other tumor cells such as chordoma, pancreatic cancer, and gastric cancer, which were associated with undesirable survival rate.41