ACTL7A and Infertility: Two different Actl7a−/− mouse models support our findings (Xin et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2022), showing that an abnormal Actl7a protein in mice sperm causes infertility, compromised acrosome morphology, reduced PLCζ protein content, and impaired Ca2+ release, leading to total FF after both ICSI and IVF (Xin et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2022).