Autophagy plays a crucial role in eliminating aggregated proteins implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as mutant α-synuclein in PD, mutant huntingtin in HD, and mutant TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in ALS (Furlong et al., 2000; Ojaimi et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease.