IL-23 stimulates interferon- γ (IFN-γ) production in memory T cells, crucial for CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumor responses.19, 20, 21 In vitro studies have demonstrated that IFN-γ exerts proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, and antiproliferative effects on tumor cells and reduced IFN-γ production is seen in cancers like breast and colorectal carcinoma.22 The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cancer.