The potential biological mechanisms underlying this association are as follows: firstly, serum cholesterol levels may influence intracellular signaling pathways, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of antitumor therapies (46); secondly, serum TC is indicative of the body's energy reserves, with decreased TC levels reflecting caloric depletion within tumor tissues (47); and thirdly, lower serum TC levels may result in increased concentrations of cancer-related proteins, such as elevated serum interleukin-6 levels (48). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and neoplasm.