PTGS2 and colonic neoplasm: For example, TFF1 promoted anchorage-independent growth in colon carcinoma cells [43], phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) dependent migration and invasion in gastric carcinoma cells [46], and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and EGF receptor (EGFR)-dependent angiogenesis in kidney and colonic cancer cells [47].