TSC1 and cancer: TSC1 nonsense > deletions > insertions; missense or TSC2 nonsence > deletions, splice sites > missense; insertions. Also found were somatic mutations in genes involved in transcriptional and translational regulation, cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, cell adhesion, resistance to anti-cancer drugs, energy metabolism, ubiquitin–proteasome system functioning, immune homeostasis, and cytoskeleton stabilization.