In the A549 cell line, incubation with the anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody did not increase the mean % of apoptotic/necrotic cancer cells (3.8 vs. 4.8, p = 0.07), while the addition of activated CD8+ T-cells in the anti-PD-L1 pre-incubated cultures enhanced the mean % to 7.74% (p < 0.05), as shown in Figure 5. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is cancer.