Our results support the theory that PD-L1+ lymphocytes are associated with the distribution of the CD4+ T cells, Foxp3+CD4+ T cells, and IL17A+CD4+ T cells, as well as the phenotypes of macrophages in a tumour microenvironment of resected NSCLC, and further research of these cell distributions in tumour islets and stroma could be a potential predictive and prognostic factor. Here, FOXP3 is linked to neoplasm.