PDCD1 and neoplasm: It was also revealed that neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade was linked to the upregulation of T cell and interferon γ-related gene expression, the downregulation of cell-cycle related genes, enhanced clonal expression of T cells, focal induction of PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment, decreased PD-1 expression on peripheral blood T cells, and decreased monocytic population, all of which are indicators of an improved immunological response.