NPPB and Alzheimer disease: Interestingly, both AD and CVDs were associated with longitudinal changes in 14 biomarkers (α1Micro, ApoH, β2M, BNP, complement C3, cystatin C, KIM1, NGAL, PPP, TIM1, THP, TFF3, TM, and VEGF); among them, five proteins (α1Micro, β2M, complement C3, cystatin C, and THP) were associated with APOE-ε4 (Table 2).