Five genes had significantly increased expression in IBD PVAT: Lymphotoxin B, CCL12, CXCL13, CCL5 and CXCL16 (Table 1), and four genes had significantly decreased expression in IBD PVAT: colony-stimulating factor 3, CCL3, thrombopoetin and colony-stimulating factor 1 (Table 2). Here, CXCL16 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.