NFKB1 and atherosclerosis: TMAO also inhibits the sirtuin 3-superoxide dismutase 2-mitochondrial ROS pathway and the ROS-thioredoxin interactive protein axis [116] and activates the protein kinase C/NF-κB (canonical NF-κB)/vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 pathway, all of which promote atherosclerosis [117] (Figure 3).