Chronic inflammation has been shown to impair autophagy mainly in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, PD, Huntington’s disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in which the increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) correlate with decreased levels of autophagy markers (Beclin-1, p62, and LC3 II) [357]. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.