Indeed, a recent study reported that five DMD patients across four different clinical trials by Sarepta, Roche (using Sarepta’s vector), Pfizer, and Genethon—receiving three different gene therapy products varying in AAV serotype, promoter, and dose—experienced strikingly similar severe adverse events suggestive of a cytotoxic T-cell immune response against micro-dystrophin proteins [48]. Here, DMD is linked to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.