IL1B and diabetes mellitus: Tiwari et al. revealed a notable positive correlation between severe vitamin D deficiency and elevated levels of cytokines IL-1β (r = −0.323, p ≤ 0.001) and IL-6 (r = −0.154, p ≤ 0.040) among 112 patients with DM with foot infections and 109 diabetic controls [139].